{"id":10443,"date":"2021-02-17T17:29:18","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T17:29:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/esplorapremana.it\/active-tourism\/ruins-and-historic-memories-from-the-mountains\/"},"modified":"2023-09-16T16:39:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T16:39:10","slug":"ruins-and-memories-from-the-mountains","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/esplorapremana.it\/en\/active-tourism\/ruins-and-memories-from-the-mountains\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruins and historic memories from the mountains"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Mountains talk to us<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Walter Bonatti, great man and alpinist, wrote: \u201cGreat mountains have the value of the men who climb them, otherwise they would be nothing but a pile of rocks\u201d. For this reason we want to show you our mountains through the historic value of the events that took place here, from the Cadorna Line to the iron mines.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cadorna Line<\/h3>\n

Val Fraina<\/em><\/p>\n

Part of the Orobic stretch of the defensive line \u201cOccupazione Avanzata Frontiera Nord\u201d, also known as Cadorna Line, , winds in the mountains of our territory. This fortified line was built between 1899 and 1918<\/strong> by the Kingdom of Italy, in order to protect the Italian territory from a possible attack. <\/p>\n

Its construction had a huge economic cost and required the effort of more than 20.000 workers, but the line was never used for military purposes, even though during World War II some battles between Partisans and Nazi-Fascists took place in some parts of it. <\/p>\n

To this day there are many visible ruins of the Line in the area.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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overview of the fortified line at the \u201cBocchetta di Stavello<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bocchetta di Stavello<\/em><\/h3>\n

Val Fraina<\/em><\/p>\n

At \u201cBocchetta di Stavello\u201d- follow the itinerary for Mount Rotondo and Colombana<\/a> \u2013<\/i><\/span> you can find two dry stone walls emplacements and concrete slits. Going up the ridge towards Mount Rotondo there are ruins of a small barracks and a series of communication trenches, in addition to a tunnel carved into the rock where artillery was hidden.<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Another emplacement lies at an altitude of 2120 m a.s.l. towards Val Gerola, with a series of slits and a bay with riflemen posts<\/strong>. At 2380 m a.s.l. you can see the ruins of a hemicycle emplacement, and almost on top of the mountain there\u2019s an emplacement with a cannon post.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dry stone walls and concrete slits at \u201cBocchetta di Stavello\u201d<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Part of the Orobic stretch of the Cadorna Line winds in the mountains of our territory.<\/span><\/strong><\/em>
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Bocchetta di Colombana and Cima Fraina<\/h3>\n

Val Fraina<\/em><\/p>\n

At Bocchetta di Colombana you can notice the solid ruins of two barracks and a large emplacement for heavy weapons. Going up the southern side of Bocchetta Colombana there are three stone emplacements; on the northern side a bay leads to an artillery post<\/strong> protected by a masonry trench<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Not far from there you can find two other trench stretches. Going up towards Cima Fraina, at 2280 m a.s.l., there is another trench with slits, then cannon posts and, on the top of the mountain, a small observatory.<\/strong><\/p>\n

To learn more:<\/p>\n

Museo etnografico di Premana<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/storiedimenticate.it\/linea-cadorna\/<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Cima Fraina, 2280 m a.s.l.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The “Fim<\/em> “<\/h3>\n

Valle dei Forni and Valvarrone<\/em><\/p>\n

. Fim<\/i> is the best-preserved steel<\/strong> and iron mill of our area. It dates back to the second half of the eighteenth century and its ruins are visible and visitable at the beginning of the Valle dei Forni \u2013 follow the itinerary for the Valle dei Forni<\/a> \u2013 right after the industrial area of Giabbio.<\/p>\n

Here you can find good-preserved ruins of the old forges and of the mill<\/strong> which generated energy by channeling the water from the Varrone stream.<\/p>\n

We invite you to visit the area in a safe way<\/strong> and not to go inside the ruins.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Fim<\/em>: old steel and iron mill.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Partisans in Barconcelli<\/h3>\n

Valle dei Forni and Valvarrone<\/em><\/p>\n

“Premana and its territory became without a doubt the main hiding place for the rebels<\/strong> of the lecchese area. The geography made this valley an impervious, almost inaccessibile locality, since it was far away from all the communication routes. (\u2026) <\/em><\/p>\n

The Trona pass was the reference base for the guerrilla, but many other places were home to partisan bands, including Barconcelli.<\/em><\/p>\n

Here you can find a memorial cross in the rocks, where 4 Partisans were killed by the Fascists<\/strong>. It was October the 8th, 1944, and the end of the war was near.<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

SOURCE: Antonio Bellati, “Viit de Quai Sort”.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The memorial cross for the 4 partisans killed on the path towards Barconcelli<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Valvarrone mines<\/h3>\n

Valle dei Forni and Valvarrone<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>The mines are located in the upper Valvarrone \u2013 follow the itinerary for Alpe Varrone<\/a> \u2013 not far from the mountain refuge \u201cCasera Vecchia\u201d. The mines are made of many tunnels (some of them collapsed) and were active from the XII to the XVIII century.<\/strong> After the industrial revolution and the emergence of new technologies the mines were abandoned. <\/p>\n

Some of them are visitable (don\u2019t forget to bring a flash light!).<\/strong> To learn more: <\/p>\n

www.museo.premana.lc.it<\/a><\/p>\n

www.rifugiovarrone.com\/le-miniere.html<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The iron mines are located not far from Alpe Varrone<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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You can reach the Bocchetta di Trona by following the military route which goes up to the Varrone plateaus<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Cadorna Line at Bocchetta di Trona<\/h3>\n

Valle dei Forni and Valvarrone<\/em><\/p>\n

At Bocchetta di Trona, which you can reach by following the military route up towards the Varrone plateaus<\/a>, near the pass you can find a concrete redoubt with two foreparts in the northern and southern corners, characterized by rectangular slits. A half-moon shaped emplacement aims at the Trona lake: on this side there\u2019s a tunnel communication trench which leads to an observatory on Val Varrone.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The former blockhouse was built in 1917<\/strong> in order to stop the Austrians from advancing, in case of breakthrough of the Stelvio-Adamello front, through Valtellina and the Pianura Padana, towards Milan. After the war it became a chapel.<\/p>\n

On the opposite side, going down towards the new Trona dairy hut, you can find the trenches which protected the pass from a possible attack<\/strong> from Val Gerola. This defensive line is part of the Cadorna Line, which runs to the summits of Val Fraina.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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the blockhouse at Bocchetta di Trona<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cPio XI\u201d House at Bocchetta di Trona<\/h3>\n

Valle dei Forni and Valvarrone<\/em><\/p>\n

At Bocchetta di Trona, on the Cadorna Line, you can see the ruins of \u201cPio XI\u201d House. Built in 1924, it was a mountain refuge<\/strong> and holiday camp of Milan\u2019s Oratories Federation. On March 21st, 1944, the Nazi-Fascists set it on fire to take a shelter away from the Partisans. Some ruins of the house are still visible at 2122 m a.s.l. on the side towards Varrone near the Trona pass.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rock-carved cross<\/h3>\n

Northern-western side above Premana<\/em><\/p>\n

On the path which goes up towards the alp of Piancalada \u2013 follow the itinerary for Premaniga and Deleguaggio<\/a> \u2013 you can find the so called \u201cPi\u00f6de dal Croos<\/em>\u201d, \u201cthe Rock of the Crosses<\/strong>\u201d. On this rock the first engravings of our territory were found.<\/p>\n

In 1995, on the initiative of the premanese writer, historician and poet Antonio Bellati<\/strong>, the rock was shown to the expert Oleg Zastrow<\/strong>, who recognized the ancientness of the engravings<\/em>. <\/p>\n

In the same period a lot of engravings were discovered, all of them between 1300 and 1800 m a.s.l and on south-faced slopes. <\/p>\n

The engravings are cupels of many shapes<\/strong> and dimensions and the crosses have various shapes and are engraved using different techniques. <\/p>\n

The discovery has an important historical value, since it proves the presence of human activity in the area since milleniums ago. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Piode dal Croos on the path for Piancalada<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Masent\u00ecghe<\/em> Chapel<\/h3>\n

Northern-western side above Premana<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>The Masent\u00ecghe<\/em> Chapel, near the alp of Deleguaggio \u2013 follow the itinerary for Premaniga<\/a> \u2013 is dedicated to a Partisan who was killed by the Nazi-Fascists.
Achille Ratti (then Pope Pio XI)<\/strong> spent one night here on its climb to Mount Legnone. There\u2019s a plaque in his memory.
Deleguaggio was also shelter for the survivors of Spartaco Cavallini\u2019s Partisans band<\/a>, which operated in val Varrone and val Gerola. They were stationed at Grassi and Pio X refuges (which were then destroyed), and they escaped the German\u2019s encirclement by hiding at the alp for a month.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Masent\u00ecghe<\/em> Chapel, on the path for Deleguaggio<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mountains talk to us Walter Bonatti, great man and alpinist, wrote: \u201cGreat mountains have the value of the men who climb them, otherwise they would be nothing but a pile of rocks\u201d. For this reason we want to show you our mountains through the historic…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9739,"parent":10437,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"class_list":["post-10443","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"esplorapremana.it","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":false,"featuredImageNotice":"The featured image should be at least 200 by 200 pixels to be picked up by Facebook and other social media sites.","pluginReviewed":false,"postSettings":{"linkSuggestions":true,"useFocusKeyword":false},"frontEndScore":false,"postName":"ruins-and-memories-from-the-mountains","permalinkFormat":"https:\/\/esplorapremana.it\/en\/%pagename%\/","showLockModifiedDate":true,"assessor":{"focusKeywordLink":"https:\/\/esplorapremana.it\/wp-admin\/edit.php?focus_keyword=%focus_keyword%&post_type=%post_type%","hasTOCPlugin":false,"primaryTaxonomy":false,"serpData":{"title":"Explore Premana: historic memories from the mountains","description":"Walter Bonatti, great man and alpinist, wrote: \u201cGreat mountains have the value of the men who climb them, otherwise they would be nothing but a pile of rocks\u201d. 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